hop + ed = hopped (the pressure is on the final syllable and the ultimate consonant “p” is doubled since it’s preceded by only one vowel)
pat + ed = patted (the ultimate consonant “t” is doubled mainly https://carlykfcm665775.blogdigy.com/spelling-rules-i-before-e-except-after-c-english-spelling-rules-spelling-rules-pdf-basic-spelling-rules-43-basic-rules-for-spelling-pdf-english-spelling-rules-pdf-phonics-spelling-rules-pdf-100-spelling-rules-free-download-pdf-100-spelling-rules-b-45416111